有些句子在形式上是主动的,但意义上却是被动的,这就是所谓的主动表示被动(active passive voice)。其特点是,句子中语法上的主语是逻辑上的宾语。

1.不定式作后置定语,放在被修饰词后面,不定式与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,此时,不定式要用主动表被动含义。

例如:

I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)

Jay is looking for a room to live in. Jay在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Jay 有主谓关系)

She has a family to support.她要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与she有主谓关系)


2.不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,如


difficult, easy, comfortable (舒适的、安逸的),

convenient(便利的,方便的),

hard, cheap, expensive, 等

此时结构为:

主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式;

动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。

be+表示“难、易、轻、重、合适”等形容词+带to的不定式。

例如:

The question is quite difficult to answer. 这个问题真的很难以回答。

The work is easy to do. 这项工作很轻松。

The meeting is to start. 会议马上就要开始。

I found the bus comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种公交车坐着很舒服。

That makes letter difficult to write. 那就让这封信很难写了。

The problem is hard to deal with. 这个问题难以解决。


The bag is too heavy to carry. 这包重得拎不动。


The sea is not fit to swim in. 这片海水不宜游泳。


let, blame:不定式to blame, to let等作表语时,用主动表示被动。如:

This house is to let. 此房出租。

Nobody is to blame for it. 谁也不该埋怨。

这些动词一般情况下都是要主动表被动的。

3. Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。

The house wants painting(= to be painted). 房子需要油漆了。

The floor requires washing(= to be washed). 地板该洗了。


The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。


The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。


These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.


Need, want, require(要求,需要),

deserve (应得,值得),

be worth 值得),

not bear (经受不住) 后面应该接doing主动表被动。

例如:

The novel is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

The old temple requires repairing. 这座古寺庙需要修缮了。

These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.

这些幼苗将需要小心的呵护。

Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你该理发了。

The car needs repairing. 这车需修理。


The coat requires mending. 这件外衣需要补一补。


This point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得一提。

4. 系动词 look sound feel smell taste appear seem prove become get主动形式表被动意义:


the steel feels cold
his plan proved (to be ) practical

绸子摸起来柔软光滑。

误:Silk is felt soft and smooth.

正:Silk feels soft and smooth.

他并不像他看起来那么傻。

误:He is not such a fool as he is looked.

正:He is not such a fool as he looks.


5. 表示预祝的某种属性特征的动词 read write act cut draw sell wash wear open主动形式表被动意义:


Nylon cleans easily 尼龙容易洗干净


teh coat dries easily 这种外衣容易干


6. 某些不及动词用主动表被动:用作不及物动词的open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook等,当主语是物,且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时,用主动形式表示被动含义。如:

The book sells well. 这本书卖得不错。

The window won’t open. 窗子打不开了。

This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。

This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。

7. 某些及物动词后加副词时。这些动词有wash,write,sell,read,cut,clean,heat,rent,let,act,tell,等,其后的副词多为well,easily,quickly,rapidly等。

These types of computer sell well. 这些品类的计算机很畅销。


Such houses rent easily. 这样的房子容易租出去。


Nylon dries quickly. 尼龙干得快。


8.某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义,常见的动词有bake,cook,print,hang,build,do,finish等

The cakes are baking. 面包正烤着呢。


The meat is cooking. 肉正烧着。


My raincoat is hanging behind the door. 我的雨衣挂在门后。


9. will, do, would的否定形式加动词原形。


This material won’t wear. 这料子不耐久。


The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。


The box doesn’t lock. 这箱子锁不上。


10. 、在“There be + 主语 + 带to的不定式”中。


There is nothing to fear. 没有什么可怕的。


There’s not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。


There are 8 pairs of shoes to choose from.
有八双鞋子可共挑选。