提要

定语从句中which和that区别

介词后只能用which不能用that

介词后只能用which不能用that

先行词为 xxx-thing 时只能用that

先行词被the only（含序数词）等限定词修饰时只能用that

先行词被最高级修饰时只用that

限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况


当先行词是anything,everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.

2当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4当形容词被the very, the only修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/


5当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

That与which的用法区别

两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：

1引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：

The current, which is very rapid, makes the riverdangerous. 水流湍急，使这条河很危险。

He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。

The London team, which played so well last season, hasdone badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。

2直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：

She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。

The documents for which they were searching have beenrecovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。

This morning some port wine came, for which I have tothank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。

注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：

He had only the long nights in which he could study. =Hehad only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。

He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defendhimself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。


3当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing),any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that：

All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。

Have you had everything that you need? 你需要的东西都有了吗?

The sleeping man’s subconscious mind retained everythingthat was said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。

She would never do anything that was not approved of byher parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。

4当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that：

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。


5当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that：

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

6当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：

China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

7当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：

They talked about the persons and things that mostimpressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

8当要避免重复时：

Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？