请看试题:


Doing eye exercises _____ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.


A. is B. are C. were


【易错选项】选B


【易错原因】忽视动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式,误认为 exercises作主语。


【正确答案】A


【试题解析】动名词短语 Doing eye exercises作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,故选A。


exercises是具体的,作练习、操讲,可数,比如眼保健操:eye exercises。breathing exercises 呼吸运动


do exercise“锻炼,做运动”,exercise“锻炼,运动”,泛指运动时是不可数名词,它还可以与动词take搭配:take exercise“锻炼”。当exercise表示“练习”,“运动项目”时,是可数名词。例如:maths exercise 数学练习,morning exercises 早操。

do exercises 做习题。


exercise为不可数名词时:

1. (身体或脑力的)活动,锻炼,运动。例如:to take exercise 锻炼;gentle exercise 平和的运动;

Swimming is good exercise.游泳是有益的运动。

The mind needs exercise as well as the body.

大脑同身体一样需要锻炼。

vigorous/gentle exercise

剧烈的 / 平和的运动

take exercise

锻炼

Aerobic exercise moves our entire body and uses most major muscles.

有氧运动活动全身,锻炼大多数主要肌肉。

Diet and exercise will alter your shape

节食和锻炼会改变你的体形。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

Exercise stimulates the digestive and excretory systems

锻炼能促进消化和排泄系统的活动。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

Good health depends upon good food, exercise, and getting enough sleep.

健康依赖于良好的食物、运动和充足的睡眠。

《汉英大词典》

Exercise is just as important to health as good food

锻炼与合理膳食对健康同等重要。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

Regular exercise can increase your basal metabolic rate

定期运动能够提高你的基础代谢率。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》


The doctor suggested I should have more outdoor exercise.


医生建议我多做点户外活动。

《汉英大词典》

Exercise stimulates the digestive and excretory systems

锻炼能促进消化和排泄系统的活动。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》


She exercises two or three times a week...

她每周锻炼两三次。(动词)


2. 行使,运用,使用。例如:the exercise of power by the government 政府权力的行使;the exercise of discretion 自行决定权的行使。

Leadership does not rest on the exercise of force alone.

领导才能并不仅仅在于武力的运用。

此时也可以作动词:

They are merely exercising their right to free speech...

他们只是在行使他们的言论自由权。


exercises为可数名词时:

1. (保持健康或培养技能的)一套动作,训练活动,练习。例如: breathing/relaxation/stretching exercises

呼吸 / 放松 / 伸展运动

exercises for the piano

钢琴练习

Repeat the exercise ten times on each leg.

每条腿重复做十次这种动作。

do morning exercises 早操

These stomach exercises will tighten abdominal muscles...

这些腹部练习会增强腹肌。

I do special neck and shoulder exercises

我做专门的颈部和肩部运动。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

That's when I try to meditate or do some deep-breathing exercises.

这时我就会试着沉思或者做些深呼吸练习。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

He took up piano lessons, combining standard classical exercises with his own attempts atGershwin.

他上钢琴课,一边进行标准的经典作品的练习,一边自己尝试练习格什温的作品。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》


2. 习题,练习。例如:grammar exercises 语法练习;do exercises 做习题。

Do exercise one for homework.

家庭作业做习题一。

Try working through the opening exercises in this chapter

做一做本章节的开篇习题。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》


用法说明: 表示体育锻炼时不可数;表示练习时可数。

1. He always does exercise in the morning. 他经常晨练;

2. He always does some exercises in the morning. 他经常早上作练习。

运动的其他单词有:sport,movement,campaign,motion。

works 著作,作品,工厂,工程。(单复同形)

means方法(单复同形)

series系列(单复同形)

另外,看起来用复数实际却是用单数:

arthritis(关节炎)

bronchitis支气管炎

rickets软骨病

darts投标游戏

marbles打弹子游戏

学科名词,比如physics,maths,mechanics optics acoustics politics,statistics,economics

地理名词,比如the united states,the Netherlands,the Himalayas,the Niagara Falls.

5 minutes \ 2 hours

news 新闻

There are three Marys in our school.我们学校有三个叫玛丽的人。(特殊哦)

New Japanese cars averaged 13 km to the litre in 1981

1981年,新型的日产汽车平均每升汽油能跑13千米。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》(度量衡名词缩写变复数一般是单复同形)


If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the earth's gravitational pull.


如果飞行速度超过每秒11公里,宇宙飞船将摆脱地球的引力。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

kg pl. kg or kgs

(书写形式)千克,公斤

hr—hrs (小时)

No.—Nos.(号码)

Room No. 145

145号房间

When we took a vote there were nine yesses and 3 noes.

我们投票表决,有九人赞同,三人反对。(作否定回答者;投反对票者;反对票 )

According to the latest opinion polls, the noes have 50 percent, the yeses 35 percent...

根据最新的民意测验,有50%的人反对,35%的人赞成。(作否定回答者;投反对票者;反对票 )

French officials say the government has made contingency plans

in the event that the no's win.

法国政府官员声称政府已经制定了应急计划,以防持异议者胜出。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

下列是经常以复数出现的单词:

savings 储蓄

earnings 所得

doings 行为

arms 武器

fireworks 烟花

remains 残留物

outskirts 市郊

annals 年报

archives 档案

bowels 内脏

headquarters 司令部

dregs 渣滓

clothes 衣服

stairs 楼梯

valuables 贵重物品

Our total earnings were above forty dollars.

我们的总收入超过40美元。

All his valuables were stolen.

他的所有贵重物品都被偷了。


family, class, group, team 等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式

若指其中一个个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。

His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。

His family isn ’t large.他的家庭不大。

My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

下列词语单数和复数形式意义有区别:

letter 信 letters 文学

wish 愿望 wishes 祝愿

advice建议 advices通知

air空气 airs精神

compass罗盘 compasses圆规

force压力 forces军队

glass玻璃 glasses眼镜

gound 地 gounds房子周围的院子

iron铁 irons镣铐

letter信,字母 letters文学

manner方法 maners礼貌

pant气喘 pants裤子

return返回 returns利润

salt盐 salts泻盐

sand沙 sands沙地,沙滩

ash灰烬 ashes骨灰

blue蓝色 blues烦闷,忧郁

brain脑髓 brains脑力

damage损害 damages赔偿金

effect效果 effects动产,家产

experience经验 experiences经历

foot脚 foots渣滓

good善行,利益 goods货物

green绿色 greens蔬菜

honour荣誉 honours优等成绩

look脸色,看 looks 容貌

minute分钟 minutes会议记录

pain痛 pains努力,辛苦

paper纸 papers文件

physic药品 physics物理

qauter四分之一 qauters居住区

ruin毁灭 ruins废墟

saving节约 savings储金

scale风度 scales天平

silk丝绸 silks丝绸的衣服

spirit精神;心灵 spirits情绪;心境 ;烈酒

water水 waters海域

drawer抽屉 drawers衬衫

wish愿望 wishes 祝愿