1、表示顺序和序列关系的信号词

first(ly)首先 最初

first of all 首先 最初

first and foremost 首先并且最重要的

to start with 首先

to begin with 首先

for a start 首先

in the first place 首先

second(ly) 其次

next 接下来

then 然后 于是

afterwards 然后 后来地

hence 因此 所以

so 因而 所以

for another 另一个原因是

another thing is 另外一点是

on top of that 其次更重要的原因是

in the meanwhile 同时

in the meantime 同时

at the same time同时

previously 先前 以前

finally 最后 终于

lastly 最后 终于

last but not the least 最后但不是不重要的一点

the last thing on the list 最后一点

2、表示列举和增补关系的信号词

and 和

also 也 同样

another 另外的

as well 也

both…and … 两者都

either … or … 或者…或者…

neither…nor… 两者都不

in addition 另外

additionally 加之 又

what’s more 而且

as well as that 除此之外

likewise 同样地

another thing is 另外一点是

on top of that 其次更重要的是

one more thing 还有一点

and more important 更重要的是

for example 例如

for instance 例如

such as 如…

you know (the sort) 例如

this/ that sort of thing… 等等

something/ anything like this… 等等 这一类的事情

3、表示转折和对比关系的信号词

at the same time 同时

I think good teachers have to be quite strict in order to keep the class under control. At the same time, teachers should be patient and friendly.

我认为好的老师应该很严格，从而能够控制课堂；同时好的老师还应该耐心、友好。

having said that 既便如此

Learning English is not easy; it takes hard work and practice. Having said that, many people do become quite fluent after a few years of study.

学习英语并不容易，要下功夫并经常练习。即使如此，在几年的学习后很多人确实变得非常流利了。

on the other hand 另一方面

I can’t decide which country to study in. Britain has many universities and a long history, so it would be interesting to study there. On the other hand, Australia has a nicer climate. It’s a difficult decision.

我无法决定去哪个国家学习。英国有悠久的历史和众多的大学，因此到那里学习应该会很有趣；而澳大利亚的气候更宜人。这的确是个困难的选择。

Alternatively 二者择一地

You could get a degree in economics in Britain. Alternatively, you could do it in Australia or New Zealand.

你可以在英国获得一个经济学的学位。或者，你也可以到澳大利亚或新西兰学习获得学位。

all the same 同时

Studying overseas can be wonderful experience for students. All the same, they have to work very hard to make up for their language deficiencies.

对很多学生来说， 在国外学习会是很棒的经历。同时，他们必须非常努力来弥补语言上的不足。

However 然而

I’m interested in science and computers. However, my sister’s more interesting in art and music.

我对理科和电脑非常感兴趣。而我的妹妹对美术和音乐更感兴趣。

mind you 尽管

To tell you the truth, I don’t really like my job very much. Mind you, the salary’s quite good.

说实话，我不是很喜欢我的工作。尽管薪水很好。

still 然而

It’s going to take me a few years and quite a lot of money before I get my doctorate. Still, I think it’ll be worth it in the end.

在获得博士学位之前， 我要花费几年的时间和不菲的费用。然而， 我认为这是值得的。

yet 然而

He does the least study of any of us, yet he almost always gets the best grades!

在我们当中他学习最少，然而， 他总是去的最好的成绩。

in spite of this/ despite this 尽管如此

The other hotel was more expensive than the first one, about double the room rate, in face. In spite of the cost, we chose to stay at that one because we wanted a taste of luxury for a night.

另一家旅馆价格更贵，大概是这个的两倍。尽管如此，我们还是选择在那里下榻，因为我们想体验一个豪华的夜晚。

even so 即便如此 然而

Studying a foreign language overseas is much more expensive than studying it at home but, ever so, it definitely the best way to learn a language.

出国学习外语比在国内要贵得多，然而，那无疑是最好的学习一门外语的方法。

otherwise 否则，别的方式

The library is free to the college students. Otherwise, you have to pay $125 if you haven’t got a current student card.

这个图书馆对本校的学生是免费的。如果你没有在校的学生证，则要缴纳125美元。

as a matter of fact 事实上

We don’t usually take a whole-load coach of tourists. As a matter of fact, we run it up to 15 people.

我们通常不会组织满满一车的游客。事实上， 我们的旅游团不会超出15个人。

in contrast 相反的 然而

Their economy has expanded enormously, while ours, in contrast, has declined.

他们的经济突飞猛进， 而我们的却衰退了。

on the contrary相反的

Eventually, I came to believe that I wouldn’t fail. On the contrary, I became convinced that I would succeed very well.

终于， 我渐渐相信我不会输。相反的， 我确信自己一定会成功。

rather than 而不是

In modern English, umbrella refers to something that keeps you dry rather than cool.

在现代英语中，雨伞指的是用来遮雨而不是遮阳的东西。

whereas 然而，反之

Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.

智者热爱真理， 然而，愚者躲避真理。

4、表示解释和强调关系的信号词

actually 实际上

in fact 事实上

as a matt er of fact 事实上

particularly 独特地

in particular 特别的

especially 特别 尤其

in other words 换句话说

let me put it in another way 让我换种方式表达

what I mean is 我的意思是

namely 即

that is (to say) 即 也就是说

you know (the sort) 例如

Let’s come to details. 让我们看看细节

Let’s go to the serious stuff. 让我们进入正题

Let’s look at it in detail.让我们详细看看这个问题

After all 毕竟

Most Chinese people about the age of twenty make their own decisions about important things in life. After all, they’re adults at that age.

大多数二十岁左右的中国人在重要的事情上自己做决定。毕竟，在这个年龄他们算是成年人了。

Anyway=anyhow=at any rate=in any case 无论如何

At least 最终

At least I got there before the main part of the ceremony.

最终我在电力的重要部分前赶到了。

5、表示归纳和总结关系的信号词

accordingly 因此 从而

finally 最后 终于

in short 总之

to sum up 总之

in a word 总的一句话

all in all总之

on the whole 总之

as a result 结果

consequently 从而

as a consequence结果

overall 总之

to conclude 总之

in conclusion 总之

in this (that) way 这样 因此

in sum 总之

6、表示因果关系的信号词

in the first place 第一个原因

for one thing 首先

for another 另一个原因

the main reason why … 主要原因是…

one of the reasons is 原因之一是

that’s why 这就是为什么…

… is a natural result of ……是…的直接原因

because (of)因为

due to由于

lead to 导致

cause 引起

contribute to 引起 导致

… is a leading factor of … 是一个主要因素

a contributing factor is … 一个主要因素是…

for this reason 因为这个理由

thus 因而 从而

therefore 因此 所以

for the sake of it 因为