get+过去分词和be+过去分词的用法区别

构成被动语态是由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,但有时可用“get+过去分词”。后者主要用于口语和非正式文体中,不如前者用得广泛。“be+过去分词”既可表示动作,也可表示状态,可带by短语;“get+过去分词”虽然也可以表示状态,但多侧重于表示动作的结果和过程,一般不带by短语,并且疑问句和否定句要借助do的适当形式。因此,凡用“get+过去分词”的句子一般都能转换为“be+过去分词”的形式,但“be+过去分词”的句子多半不能转换为“get+过去分词”的形式。

“get+过去分词”结构中只能跟为数不多的过去分词搭配构成被动语态,常见的有broken, burnt, confused, drowned, engaged, excited, hurt, killed, married, paid, painted, stuck, tired, used等。

1.“get+过去分词”结构着重表示动作的结果,因此动作的执行者一般不表示出来。例如:

His masterpiece eventually get translated into many languages.他的代表作最终译成多种语言。

He got married last year.他去年结婚了。

We got caught in the rain yesterday.我们昨天遇上了雨。

I don't want to get mixed up with the police again.(R.Quirk)我再不想同警察厮混了。

2.“get+过去分词”结构表示“渐变的过程”,而“be+过去分词”结构无此含义。例如:

The more I hear, the more I get confused.我越听越糊涂。

More and more people are getting attacked in the underground these days.这些天越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击。

He was getting more and more puzzled.他越来越感到迷惑。

3.“get+过去分词”结构表示突然或意外发生的不幸或不愉快的事。例如:

I tried to find my way round the city without a map and got lost.我试图不带地图在这个城市寻路,结果迷路了。

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.(R.Quirk)这男孩在下班回家路上受了伤。

4.“get+过去分词”结构一般可转换成“get+名词或代词+过去分词”结构,但意义略有不同。前者表示主语是动作的对象,后者表示主语自己(或让他人)做某事,或者表示经历。这两种结构中的get可用have代替。例如:

Our house gets painted every year.我们的房子年年刷油漆。

We get our house painted every year.我们年年请人给房子刷油漆。

His car got bogged down in the mud.他的车子陷入了泥潭。

He got his car bogged down in the mud.他把自己的车子陷入了泥潭。

5.下面四种句型改为被动句,通常用“be+过去分词”结构,不能用“get+过去分词”结构:(1)含有双宾语的结构;(2)“动词+名词+介词短语”的结构;(3)含有that引导的宾语从句的句子;(4)句子的谓语是感官动词如hear, see, watch, observe, listen to, look at等。例如:

His mother gave him a new book.(双宾语)他母亲给了他一本新书。

A new book was given to him by his mother.(被动语态)

You must pay special attention to your pronunciation.(“动词+名词+介词短语”结构)你必须特别注意你的发音。

Special attention must be paid to your pronunciation.(被动语态)

They expected that I should be back before Monday.(含有that引导的宾语从句)他们期望我星期一前回来。

It was expected that I should be back before Monday.(被动语态)大家期望我星期一前回来。

I heard him knocking at the door.(谓语动词是感官动词hear)我听见他在敲门。

He was heard knocking at the door(.被动语态)有人听见了他敲门。

语法基础|get+过去分词和be+过去分词的用法区别