cc518学习网精品学习资料总目录

一、混淆定语从句与并列句

请看下面两题:

(1) He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

(2) He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

【分析】第(1)题选A,第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题中用了并列连词and,从而使整个句子为并列句,and后应是一个独立的简单句,所以选A不选C;第(2)题没有并列连词and,both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。

二、混淆定语从句与表语(从句)

请看下面的试题:

(1) Your coat is still _____ you left it.

A. where B. there C. there where D. the place where

【分析】答案选A,where引导的是表语从句(=在…的地方),而不是定语从句。

(2) Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where B. what C. that D. the one

【分析】答案选D,this school为句子主语,the one 为表语,your father worked in…为定语从句。不要误认为this是句子主语,否则school前应加冠词the。比较:

Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where B. what C. that D. the one (选C)

Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?

A. where B. what C. that D. the one (选A)

三、混淆定语从句与状语从句

请看下面的试题:

(1) I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

【分析】答案是B而不是A,when的意思是“当…的时候”,引导的是时间状语从句。(upstairs为副词,不宜用作先行词)

(2) He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.

A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as

【分析】答案应选B,而不是A。such … that …(如此…以致…)用于引导结果状语从句,其中的that不充当句子成分,而such…as…中的as为关系代词,用以引导定语从句并在定语从句充当句子成分。上句中第二空之所以选as,是因为它用作动词like宾语。

四、误加与关系代词同义的人称代词

误:He is a man everyone respects him.

正:He is a man everyone respects. 他是一个人人都敬重的人。

五、混淆关系代词与关系副词

有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,就认为一定要用关系副词,其实也一定。在此情况下,还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分,若是用作状语,则用关系副词,若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词,而用关系代词。比较:

This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)

This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词,that用作visit的宾语)

The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词,why在定语从句中用作状语)

The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词,that在定语从句中用作其宾语)

六、因逗号误判which

有的同学一看见逗号,就以为一定要选which而不选that,但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句:

(1) If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

(2) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. (D19/541)

A. as B. which C. what D. that

【分析】以上两题均应选that,而不能选which,因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that,是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句,逗号后为主句,that为主句主语。

七、混淆which与whose

两者在定语从句中都可用作定语,区别是:whose 的意思相当于 one's,而 which 的意思则相当于 that 或 this。比较:

(1) This is Mary, whose [= and her] father we met last week.

(2) Call again at 11, by which time [= and by that time] the meeting should be over.

定语从句考点七个易错点解说