中考时态易错点------各时态中特殊用法

中考时态易错点------各时态中特殊用法

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3）在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

　 意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

　 I'm leaving tomorrow.

　 Are you staying here till next week?

11.19 不用进行时的动词

　1) 事实状态的动词

have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue

I have two brothers.

This house belongs to my sister.

　2) 心理状态的动词

Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate

I need your help.

He loves her very much.

　3 ) 瞬间动词

accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.

I accept your advice.

　4) 系动词

seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn

You seem a little tired.

11.22 一般现在时代替将来时

时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时

When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately

　He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。

典型例题

(1）He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.

　A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed

　C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.

　 答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。

(2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。

　 The museum opens at ten tomorrow.　博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)

11.23 一般现在时代替过去时

1 )"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。

　 The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.

　 报纸上说明天会很冷的。

2) 叙述往事，使其生动。

　 Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.

11.24 一般现在时代替完成时

1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：

hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,　remember.

　I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.

　I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.

2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"

3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.

11.25 一般现在时代替进行时

1) 句型：Here comes… ； There goes…

　 Look, here comes Mr. Li.

11.26 现在进行时代替将来时

1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。

Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?

We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。

2) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。

He is dying.

12.4 不用被动语态的情况

　1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

　After the fire, very little remained of my house.

　比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

　(错) The price has been risen.

　(对) The price has risen.

　(错) The accident was happened last week.

　(对) The accident happened last week.

　(错) The price has raised.

　(对) The price has been raised.

　(错) Please seat.

　(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

　 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

　This key just fits the lock.

　Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

　 3) 系动词无被动语态：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

It sounds good.

　 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

　 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

12.5 主动形式表示被动意义

　1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…

The book sells well. 这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

　2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build

I was to blame for the accident.

Much work remains.

　3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

12.6 被动形式表示主动意义

be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries

He is graduated from a famous university.

他毕业于一所有名的大学。

注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。

He married a rich girl.

He got married to a rich girl.

12.7 need/want/require/worth

　　注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

The book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

典型例题

The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.　

A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned

答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。

典：done，"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时)。