考情分析
常考八种时态： 以work为例，填写下面的表格(已填写部分初中不考)
一般时 进行时
完成时 现在
works/work
is/am/are working
has/have worked
过去
worked
was/were working
had worked
将来
will/shall work
过去将来
would/should work
考题形式：一般以选择题（三道），改写句子（两空）的形式出现。
但是，时态的考核贯穿整份试卷，每一句话都有时态。
考试要求：1. 了解八种时态的构成和基本用法
2. 识记各种时态的常用时间状语
3. 区分几种容易混淆的时态
考点剖析：1. 清楚每一种时态的构成
2. 看时间状语或上下文具体的语境
一、基本概念
表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。
例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning. She is at home.
二、基本构成
主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。
动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s; 如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。 2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es; 如：dress-dresses, fix-fixes, watch-watches, finish-finishes等。 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es; 如：study--studies, fly-flies, carry--carries等。 4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has， 如：He has an interesting book .
三、基本句型
1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。
She reads English everyday.
2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。
He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning.
3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？
Do you like English? Yes, I do ./No, I don’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？
What time do you get up every morning?
Where does your father work?
四、基本用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month．．．） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on Sundays等连用。
I leave home for school at seven every morning.
2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。
The sun rises in the east .日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。
3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.
4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。
That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
She majors in music .她主修音乐。
All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
小练习
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A .work; works B. works; work C . work; are working D . is working; work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A .have B. there is C. there are D. has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A. don't rain B. didn't rain C. doesn't rain D. isn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A. has study B. studies C. study D. studied
答案：1 .B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B
一、现在进行时态基本结构
由 Be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing 构成。
句型：1、肯定句：主语+ be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing +其他。
I am studying now .
2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词—ing +其他。
I am not studying now .
3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？
Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isn’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？
What are you doing now ?
二、现在进行时基本用法
1）表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。
Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .
2）表示一种渐进的过程。
My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .
3）与always , all the time , forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。例如：
He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。
She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。
Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。
Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。
4）表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。
She is leaving for Beijing next weak . My friend is coming for dinner .
三、过去进行时态用法
1、结构：由was/were+动词-ing构成。
2、用法：
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。
Eg. My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .
注意：（1）以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
When he called me , I was having dinner .
（2）、以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……的时候，同时”。
Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .
动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法：
1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。
read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting
2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。
live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking
3、 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing 。
sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,
put-putting
4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。
die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
小练习
1. I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
A. cooked, were ringing B. was cooking, rang
C. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang
2. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try
3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
A. was watching, was hearing B. watched, was hearing
C. watched, heard D. was watching, heard
4. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching
5. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?
A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw
C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing
6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.
A. are getting B. get C. were getting D. got
7. Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.
A. is, thinking, was B. was, thinking, is
C. did, think, is D. was, thinking, was
8. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.
A. saw, passed B. was seeing, passed
C. was seeing, passed D. was seeing, was passing
9. We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
A. were waiting, waiting B. were waiting, wait
C. waited, waiting D. waited, wait
10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.
A. helps B. would help C. was helping D. is helping
11. While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.
A. did, made B. was doing, made
C. was doing, was making D. did, was making
12. "_______ you angry then?" "they ______ too much noise."
A. are, were making B. were, were making
C. are, made D. were, made
13. He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me
A. did, heard B. did, didn't hear
C. was doing, heard D. was doing, didn't hear
14. This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV
A. repaired, didn't watch B. was repairing, watched
C. repaired, watched D. was repairing, wasn't watching
15. His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.
A. was getting B. gets C. is getting D. will get
答案：1-5：BCDAC 6-10:CDAAC 11-15:CBDDA
一、基本概念
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；
过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
二、基本结构
基本结构
否定句
一般疑问句
Be动词
was/ were+not
was或were提前，放于句首
行为动词
didn’t+do（动词原形）
Did+主语+do（动词原形）
注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类：
一类：be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。
另一类：谓语动词，由行为动词来充当，如stayedwent isited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。
E.g.
Be动词：
I was in Shanghai last year .
I wasn’t in Shanghai last year .
Were you in Shanghai last year ?
谓语动词：
He went to the park yesterday .
He didn’t go to the park yesterday ?
Did he go to the park yesterday ?
三、基本用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week (month , year…),…ago, the other day , just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用。如：
At the age of ten, she began to learn to play the piano.
2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
When I was a child, I often play the football in the street.
3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。
He said he wouldn’t go if it rained.
动词过去式的规则变化
1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked
2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced；
3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;
4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。
5）不规则动词表
过去将来时用法
1. 句型结构
肯定句 主+ should +do / would + do +其他.
否定句 主+ should not + do / would not + do +其他.
一般疑问句 Would /should+主+do
2. 适用范围：一般过去将来时主要表示从过去某时看将要发生的事或存在的状态。
时间的出发点是过去。该时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中, 主句的谓语动词常常是过去时.
例如：
My brother told me that he would be back on Saturday.
我哥哥告诉我他星期天回来。
He said that the meeting would begin at half past nine this morning.
他说会议将在今天早晨九点半开始。
No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.
没有人知道哪个国家将举行下次奥林匹克运动会。
3. 其他形式表示过去将来
（1）was/ were + going to+动词原形
常可用来表示（a）按计划或安排即将发生的事
（b）根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。e.g.：It seemed as if it was going to rain.
（2） come， go， leave， arrive， start等某些（表示短暂性动作的动词）移位动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
（用法同现在进行时表一般将来时）
例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
She told me she was coming to see me.
（3）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例如：I didn’t know when she would come， but when she came I would let you know.
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.
(相当于主将从现，只是把时间全移到过去。一般将来对应过去将来，一般现在对应一般过去)
一般将来时
一，概念：一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
二，构成: 基本结构是will / shall do。通常来说, will用于第二、三人称，shall用于第一人称，will比较常用。
如: I will be home at 10.
三，时间状语：常与tomorrow, next… , in （the） future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等连用。
四，一般将来时的句型
肯定句：主语+shall /will+动词+其他成份
They will go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午他们将要去购物。
否定句：主语+shall /will not+动词+其他成份
I will not go shopping one hour later. 一小时之后我不会去购物。
疑问句：shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份
Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份
Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪?
五，做题时常见错误如下
（一）、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚
例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。
I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.
答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.
解析：“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。
（二）、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错
例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)
A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have
解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的. 答案：A
Exercises
历年上海中考试题
1. Nancy _____ lots of charity work in her free time since she entered college. (2007)
A. has done B. will do C. was doing D. is doing
2. Tara is interested in Chinese culture. He _____ Chinese at Fudan University next year.(2007)
A．studies B. studied C. will study D. had studied
3. That building is part of Shanghai’s history. It ____ many years ago. (2007)
A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built
4. The 2007 Special Olympic Games _____ in Shanghai. (2006)
A. will hold B. will be held C. were held D. held
5. Jenny ________ with a Chinese family for two years. Now she’s used to the life in China. (2006)
A. stays B. would stay C. is staying D. has stayed
6. Most people ________ when the big earthquake(地震) took place in that area. (2006)
A. are sleeping B. were sleeping C. slept D. sleep
7. Charlie can’t go with us because he _______ a professor around our company. (2005)
A. shows B. was showing C. has shown D. is showing
8. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ______ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995. (2005)
A．attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract
9. Many old houses around our school ________ next year and a large green area will appear. (2005)
A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down
10. After a long journey, the eight pandas from Wolong safely______ in Beijing
A. arrived B. reached C. got D. came
11. Look! Jane’s grandmother______ with some aged people in the park. (08)
A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing
12. Kevin______ to work in his hometown after he graduated from university. (08)
A. goes B. went C. will go D. had gone
13. When summer _________, some children will go to the seaside for fun. （09）
A. comes B. came C. will come D. would come
14. I _____you already that washing hands often will help prevent A-H1N1 Flu. （09）
A. tell B. told C. have told D. am telling
15. He was still working on his project while other people _________a rest. （09）
A. were having B. are having C. will have D. have
16. Many houses _______in a big fire a few days ago. What a shame! （09）
A. were damaged B. damage
C. were damaging D. damaged
17. Today is Father's Day. My mother ____________ a special dinner for my grandpa now.
A. prepare B. prepared C. is preparing D. will prepare
18. Tina and her parents ____________ to England for sightseeing last summer.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
19. The Harry Potter books____________ pretty popular since they were published.
A. become B. will become C. have become D. are becoming
20. A Disneyland Park (迪斯尼乐园)____ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.
A. builds B. has built C. will build D. will be built
2011年中考
1. Now my father ________his bike to work everyday instead of driving
A. ride B. rode C. rides D. will ride
2. We are glad to hear that the Greens ________ to a new fiat next week
A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved
3. An official ________by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai Yesterday
A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed
4. The university will invite many graduates to celebrate its 100 its100th birthday. （改为被动语态）
Many graduates will _______ _________ by the university to celebrate its 100th birthday.
2012年中考
1. The volunteers __ a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.
A. offered B. will offer C. are offering D. have offered
2. The students _________ the Art Festival when I passed by their school.
A. celebrate B. were celebrating C. will celebrate D. have celebrated
3. Jenny told me that she _________ an English Speech Contest the next month.
A. takes part in B. is taking part in C. took part in D. would take part in
4. My students always share ideas in class. (改为被动语态)
Ideas _________ always _________ by my students in class.
Keys:
1-5:ACDCD 6-10:BDCBA 11-15:CBACA 16-20ACBCD
2011 CCD be invited
2012 D B D are shared
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