动词的语态　

中考命题规律及趋势

动词语态为中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为初中几种基本时态的被动语态。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。另外，在完形填空、阅读理解和作文中，也会涉及到被动语态。

中考重难点突破

被动语态一般现在时→am/is/are＋过去分词

一般过去时→was/were＋过去分词

一般将来时→shall/will be＋过去分词

过去将来时→should/would be＋过去分词

现在进行时→am/is/are being＋过去分词

过去进行时→was/were being＋过去分词

现在完成时→has/have＋been＋过去分词

过去完成时→had＋been＋过去分词

含有情态动词的被动语态→情态动词＋be＋过去分词

基础知识梳理

1．动词语态的分类

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。

(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)

2．被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的八种时态的被动结构及情态动词的被动语态如下：

时态	被动语态结构	例句
一般现在时	am/is/are＋过去分词	Chinese is spoken by many people.
一般过去时	was/were＋过去分词	Chinese was spoken by many people.
一般将来时	shall/will be＋过去分词或am/is/are going to be＋过去分词	Chinese will be spoken by many people.或：Chinese is going to be spoken by many people.

续表

时态	被动语态结构	例句
过去将来时	should/would be＋过去分词或was/were going to be＋过去分词	Chinese would be spoken by many people.或：Chinese was going to be spoken by many people.
现在进行时	am/is/are being＋过去分词	Chinese is being spoken by many people.
过去进行时	was/were being＋过去分词	Chinese was being spoken by many people.
现在完成时	has/have＋been＋过去分词	Chinese has been spoken by many people.
过去完成时	had＋been＋过去分词	Chinese had been spoken by many people.
含有情态动词的被动语态	情态动词＋be＋过去分词	Chinese must be spoken by many people.