语病一：搭配错误

英语中的很多短语有不同的习惯搭配，随意更换会导致表达上的错误。

例1：你若对我们的产品感兴趣，请与我们联系。

F: If you are interested with our products, please contact us.

T: If you are interested in our products, please contact us.

分析：表示“对……感兴趣”be interested后习惯搭配介词in，而不搭配介词with。

例2：他忙着做家庭作业。

F：He is busy to do his homework.

T：He is busy doing his homework.

分析：英语中表示“忙于做某事”，be busy后习惯上与动词的-ing形式搭配，而不与不定式搭配。

语病二：表达句式错误

错用英语句式多半是受汉语意思或汉语结构的影响。

例1：这个问题对我来说很难回答。

F：I am difficult to answer the question.

T：It is difficult for me to answer the question.

分析：在英语中，要表示“某人很难做某事”，可以说It is difficult for sb. to do sth.但不能说sb. is difficult to do sth.

例2：在妈妈的帮助下，我完成了家庭作业。

F：After the help of my mother, I finished my homework.

T：With the help of my mother, I finished my homework.

分析：“在某人的帮助下”用英语表达为with the help of sb.，不要受汉语习惯影响错用介词after。

例3：他设法对父亲隐瞒事实真相。

F：He tried to hide the truth to his father.

T：He tried to hide the truth from his father.

分析：用英语表达“对某人隐瞒”实际上是免于让某人知道，所以介词用from，不能用to。

语病三：成分残缺

因不了解某些词汇的词性或受中文表达的影响等原因，在写英语句子时会犯成分残缺的语病。

例1：别害怕，他们会保护你的。

F：Don’t afraid, and they will protect you.

T：Don’t be afraid, and they will protect you.

分析：要弄清楚afraid的词性，是形容词，不是动词，故在don’t后面要加上系动词be。

例2：这是一本很有趣的故事书，我觉得你会喜欢的。

F：This is a very interesting storybook, and I think you will like.

T：This is a very interesting storybook, and I think you will like it.

分析：句中“你会喜欢的”实际上是指“你会喜欢它（这本故事书）的”。在中文表达中，这个作宾语的“它”可以省略，但在英文中这个“它”不能省略，因为like是及物动词，其后必须要跟宾语。

语病四：语义重复

语义重复，顾名思义是指重复使用了意思相同的词或短语。

例：这是她最喜欢的颜色之一。

F：This is one of her most favorite colors.

T：This is one of her favorite colors.

分析：favorite本身就表示“最喜欢的”，若再与most连用，就会造成语义重复。

语病五：语序错误

错用语序的情况一般出现在：①在宾语从句中误用疑问语序；②受中文表达顺序的影响；③被英语相似结构误导。

例1：杰克问他们是否有棉制的羊毛衣。

F：Jack asked if did they have a cotton sweater.

T：Jack asked if they had a cotton sweater.

分析：句中if引导的是宾语从句，要用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。

例2：给孩子们准备了丰富的食物和饮料。

F：The children were plentifully supplied with drink and food.

T：The children were plentifully supplied with food and drink.

分析：“饮食”在汉语中常常先说“饮”后说“食”，但在英语习惯中恰恰相反，要先说“食”后说“饮”。

例3：使我最惊讶的是他期末考试没有及格。

F：What was surprised me most that he failed in the final exam.

T：What surprised me most was that he failed in the final exam.

分析：此句中的surprised是动词，不是形容词。不要误认为surprised一定要与be连用。

语病六：错用时态或语态

错用时态主要是因为对句中动作或事情发生的时间把握不准或对时态的特殊用法不够了解；而混淆时态则是因为对动作的对象和谓语动词的关系理解不准确。

例1：据说这所学校是三年前建的。

F：It is said that this school has been built three years ago.

T：It is said that this school was built three years ago.

分析：由three years ago可知句中谓语动作发生在过去，时态要用一般过去时，而非现在完成时。

例2：我躺在床上。

F：On the bed was lain by me.

T：I lay on the bed.

分析：lay、lain分别为动词lie作“躺、卧”时的过去式、过去分词，lie意为“躺”时是不及物动词，没有被动语态。