When the plane arrived,some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.

当飞机到达时,一下侦探等候在主楼内,另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。《新概念英语2第7课》

这个句子由3个部分组成:when引导的是整个句子的时间状语从句;some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building为主句;while others were waiting on the airfield这个是一个过去进行时从句。


when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间 。在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。


while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。


一、when和while的区别


①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间;


while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。


②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。


③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如:


a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:


While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b. They were singing while we were dancing.
④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”;while表示“而,却”,表对照关系。如:


a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。


b. He is strong while his brother is weak.
他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。


二、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。


① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?


②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。


③Strike while the iron is hot.(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。


④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。


三、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。


1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。


When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。


When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。


When I was watering the garden,it began to rain.

当我在花园浇水的时候,开始下雨了。(两个动作几乎同时发生)摘自《新概念英语2》P37

I was having breakfast when the telephone rang.我正在吃早饭的时候,电话铃响了。

摘自《新概念英语2》P37
2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用。


When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。


When /While /As she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。


He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。

若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用 while。如:

Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。

I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候,我默不作声。

若从句是一个短暂性动作,而主句是一个持续性动作,可以用 when 但不用 while。如:

When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时,我在听收音机。

It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。

若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作,一般要用 when。如:

I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。


注意:

1、如主句谓语动词表示的是短暂动作,从句时间状语指一段时间,when while as 三者可通用。例如:

Peter came in while /as I was watching TV.当Peter进来的时候我正在看电视。

I was watching TV when Peter came in. 当Peter进来时我正在看电视。

2、as 和 when 可与非延续性动词连用,而 while 只能与延续性动词连用。例如:

He came in when/ as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡觉,他进来了。

3、as 和 while可用来指一段时间,但 as 强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生,while强调主句表示的动作是在 while 从句的动作延续中发生。例如:

As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。


四、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)。


sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...


①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。


②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了。